Common viper

The Common Viper is a venomous snake that can reach a maximum length of 94 cm, although it generally measures between 60 and 65 cm. The head is distinct from the neck, with a slightly upturned snout and medium-sized eyes with vertical, elliptical pupils. The tail is well separated from the body, a typical feature of vipers that distinguishes it from nonvenomous snakes in the colubrid family.

The coloration of the common viper varies with the individual and can range from light gray to reddish-brown, allowing the snake to blend effectively into its surroundings. Dorsal patterning is similarly variable, with zig-zag stripes, separate speckles or nearly uniform coloration, all of which contribute to even more effective camouflage.

Compared with other snakes, the viper has a relatively stocky body due to its small size and short tail. Its venom, produced by venom glands located at the bottom of the palate, is inoculated through hollow teeth specifically adapted for this purpose.

Like all other Italian viper species, Vipera aspis is ovoviviparous, meaning it gives birth to 6 to 8 young, which are born already self-sufficient, about 15 to 20 cm long and equipped with functioning venom glands. The common viper can live up to 20 years in the wild.